Ethiopia
as a Pie: A Nation Fractured by Ethnic and Political Divisions
At the heart of Ethiopia's political challenges lies the
system of ethnic federalism, implemented in 1995 under the Ethiopian People’s
Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF). This framework divided the nation into
ethnically based regions, granting them constitutional rights to secession.
Although intended to empower ethnic groups and promote self-governance, ethnic
federalism has often had the opposite effect. Instead of fostering unity, it
has deepened divisions; encouraging competition and mistrust between
communities, and fueling frequent clashes.
In today’s Ethiopia, ethnic identity has become the
central currency in the struggle for political power. Many political parties
are organized along ethnic lines, claiming to represent their respective
communities. However, their actions often prioritize party interests or
personal gain over the collective well-being of the nation. This dynamic has
sparked violence, mass displacement, and growing alienation among citizens who
yearn for stability and unity but find themselves caught in a political system
more focused on maintaining power than addressing their needs.
Political office in Ethiopia is frequently seen as a
pathway to personal enrichment rather than a platform for public service. This
issue cuts across both pro-unity parties and ethnically organized opposition
groups. Corruption, nepotism, and self-interest dominate the political sphere,
with leaders exploiting ethnic grievances to carve out their share of the
national “pie.” Some opposition leaders, rather than using power-sharing as an
opportunity to foster unity, treat it as a means for personal gain,
perpetuating the cycle of division.
This zero-sum mentality has created a polarized political
environment, where one group’s gain is perceived as another’s loss. Instead of
building bridges, politicians often resort to divisive rhetoric and tactics,
leaving the country fragmented and vulnerable. This short-term opportunism
undermines long-term national progress, with little accountability for the
damage caused.
The consequences of this fractured approach are
devastating. Millions of Ethiopians endure cycles of poverty, displacement, and
insecurity, as resources are diverted from development projects to fuel
political power struggles. Critical areas such as infrastructure, healthcare,
and education are often neglected. The ongoing conflicts in Tigray, Amhara, and
Oromia underscore how deeply internal divisions have hindered the nation’s
ability to advance.
Ethiopia’s youth, who represent the country’s future, are
among the hardest hit. Frustrated by a lack of opportunities and persistent
instability, many are drawn into cycles of violence. Some fall under the
influence of leaders who exploit their discontent, making empty promises of
change but delivering only destruction and loss. Tragically, these young
people, whom such leaders claim to represent, bear the brunt of the suffering.
Ethiopia’s future depends on moving beyond the
"pie-slicing" mindset. The nation needs leaders who view Ethiopia not
as a resource to be divided, but as a shared home to be nurtured. Political
parties must transcend ethnic boundaries, embracing inclusive policies that
uplift all citizens, regardless of their background. Only by overcoming these
divisions can Ethiopia achieve lasting peace and prosperity.
The Ethiopian government must prioritize peace-building
efforts through dialogue, mediation, and inclusive negotiations among
conflicting parties. Protecting civilians, addressing the root causes of
conflicts, and holding violators accountable are critical steps. Investment in
development and infrastructure can provide stability and lay the groundwork for
long-term solutions. Regional and international partnerships will also play a
key role in managing crises and promoting sustainable peace.
Reforming the ethnic federal system is essential to
balancing unity with Ethiopia’s rich diversity. Meaningful dialogue and
reconciliation are needed to heal wounds and rebuild trust among communities.
Strengthening accountability mechanisms will ensure leaders prioritize national
interests over personal ambitions.
Reforming the constitution in a way that ensures
long-term stability, so it doesn't change with every government transition, is
essential. Amendments should only occur with broad public support after
thorough discussions and, if necessary, a referendum. To achieve this, the
National Truth and Reconciliation Commission play a crucial role. The
commission must carry out its duties swiftly, independently, and with
transparency and honesty.
Conclusion
Ethiopia stands at a pivotal moment in its history. Its
ancient heritage and vibrant culture hold the potential for a brighter future,
but this vision can only be realized if the politics of division are replaced
with a commitment to shared prosperity. The nation must abandon the pie
metaphor and embrace a model of inclusion, where every Ethiopian feels valued
and represented. The choice is clear: unity and progress or continued fragmentation
and decline. The responsibility now rests with Ethiopia’s leaders and citizens
to choose the path of reconciliation, unity, and national renewal.
